Jakarta Residents' Dining Spending Rises, Food Prices Almost Still

The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) recorded the value of the accommodation and food-and-beverage provision business in DKI Jakarta Province reaching Rp198,290.57 billion in 2025, up from Rp178,510.88 billion the year before. After adjusting for price effects, this sector grew 9.33 percent — faster than the 8.31 percent recorded in 2024, though still below the 9.69 percent seen in 2023. Its share of the city's economy rose from 4.85 to 5.05 percent, continuing a consecutive rise since 2021 (BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026a, Tables 13.1.1, 13.1.3, and 13.1.4). The 2025 figure is still classified as "very provisional" and may be revised by BPS.

This sector became the fastest-growing field of business in Jakarta throughout 2025, outpacing transportation and warehousing (8.69 percent) and other services (8.46 percent). According to the Official Statistics News (Berita Resmi Statistik) of BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta (2026b), Jakarta's overall economy grew 5.21 percent, up from 4.91 percent in 2024.

Household spending in Jakarta moved in the same direction as growth in its businesses — different from the pattern seen in Bandung.

Through the annual March household survey (Susenas), BPS recorded that average spending by Jakarta residents on ready-made food and drinks rose from Rp476,836 to Rp503,469 per person per month. That is an increase of 5.59 percent (BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026a, Table 11.1).

These two figures measure different things. The business value includes office orders, catering, and hotels, not just household spending by Jakarta residents, so the two cannot simply be added together or directly compared numerically. Even so, the direction remains clear: in Jakarta, growth in the food-and-beverage business has moved in step with rising household spending, whereas in Bandung the two move in opposite directions.

One note: even though the value rose, the share of ready-made food and drinks within Jakarta residents' total spending actually dipped slightly, from 17.06 to 17.00 percent. This is because total spending rose faster, at 6.01 percent, while spending on ready-made food and drinks rose only 5.59 percent. Within the food budget, this category remains dominant, absorbing 43.65 percent of all food spending by Jakarta residents, recorded at Rp1,153,404 per person per month.

The rise in spending stems from an increase in consumption, not from a rise in prices.

BPS measures prices through an index, with 2022 as the base year at a value of 100. For the food-and-beverage provision (restaurant) category in Jakarta, the index stood at 106.06 in January 2025 and 106.69 in December 2025 — a rise of 0.59 percent over the year (BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026a, Table 10.1.1).

A second measure comes from the regional accounts. The implicit price index for the accommodation and food-and-beverage provision sector moved from 164.84 in 2024 to 167.48 in 2025, a rise of 1.60 percent. Note that this is a year-on-year comparison, not movement within 2025 itself.

Using these two price measures, the 5.59 percent nominal rise in spending leaves a real increase in the range of 3.9 to 5.0 percent. This figure is indicative because the periods do not align exactly. Susenas compares March 2024 with March 2025, while the monthly price index available in this publication only covers 2025, and its implicit index is annual. A truly comparable deflator — the Consumer Price Index for the restaurant category from March 2024 to March 2025 — is not available in the sources used. Even so, with both bounds being similarly low, the conclusion still holds: Jakarta residents genuinely increased their consumption of eating out, rather than simply paying more for the same amount.

Comparing January with December 2025 for each spending category gives a sharper picture than reading the index level alone.

The 4.20 percent surge in the general index over 2025 mostly stemmed from the housing and energy category, a result of the end of the electricity tariff discount at the start of the year. The personal care and other services category was the second-biggest driver. Jakarta's official 2025 inflation rate remained at 2.637 percent year-on-year, up from 1.487 percent in 2024 (BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026a, Key Statistics).

The practical takeaway for brands: the cost of eating out in Jakarta barely rose throughout 2025, and the cost of activities also stayed nearly flat, rising just 0.78 percent. The price increases felt by Jakarta households came from energy bills and personal care, not from the price of snacks or entertainment tickets.

The rise in spending on ready-made food and drinks occurred alongside increases in nearly all other spending categories.

Jakarta's pattern is the opposite of Bandung's. The four categories that are easiest to cut when budgets tighten — durable goods, celebration needs, clothing, and various goods and services — in fact rose the fastest. Meanwhile, housing costs, which cannot be postponed, stayed practically flat, even dipping slightly by 0.15 percent. Housing's share of total spending also shrank, from 34.27 to 32.28 percent.

Because this is a sample survey, figures for a single year and a single province should be read as an indication rather than a precise number. The consistency of direction is more persuasive, and that direction is consistent with household consumption data in the regional accounts.

The cigarette line needs to be seen in scale. At Rp88,208 per person per month, it equals 7.65 percent of all food spending by Jakarta residents. That figure still exceeds spending on rice and grains (Rp82,352), fish and similar products (Rp85,029), vegetables (Rp82,972), meat (Rp70,168), fruit (Rp68,013), and eggs and milk (Rp64,751). This is an average across the entire population, including children and non-smokers, so it reflects the weight of cigarettes in the household budget, not spending per smoker.

Regional accounts data confirms the same direction. Growth in household consumption in Jakarta has strengthened for three consecutive years: 5.05 percent (2023), 5.23 percent (2024), and 5.25 percent (2025). This figure moves in step with the city's economic growth of 5.21 percent (BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026a, Table 13.1.10).

The total figure did indeed rise 16.71 percent. The problem is that the number of recorded sites also changed drastically.

According to data from the Tourism and Creative Economy Agency compiled by BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta (2026a, Table 8.5), total visits to Jakarta's flagship tourist attractions rose from 21,743,326 in 2024 to 25,376,266 in 2025, growing 16.71 percent.

In 2024, BPS reported only seven flagship tourist sites. In 2025, that number jumped to 29 sites. Some 5.36 million visits in 2025 came from 22 sites not recorded in 2024, while the seven sites recorded in both years actually fell 8 percent. Because of this, the overall 16.71 percent increase mainly reflects the addition of more sites to the record, rather than an actual shift in visitor behavior.

The decline in the seven-site subset came from the two largest attractions, Ancol and Monas, which together lost 5,440,105 visits. The increases at Ragunan, TMII, and several museums were not enough to offset this.

Four reasons make this figure unfit for use as evidence of a shift in consumer behavior.

First, five of the seven series moved by more than 40 percent in a single year, three of them by triple digits. A pattern like this is typically a sign of a change in recording methods, not a change in interest.

Second, there is a row recorded as zero in the BPS data. However, there is an explanation for this figure. Jakarta Planetarium only reopened at the end of December 2025 after previously being closed. After reopening, it recorded 30,406 visitors up to 12 February 2026 (Berita Jakarta, 2026a). Because of this, the zero figure for 2025 needs to be read together with its operating period, rather than as a measure of visitor interest across the whole year.

Third, the two sites dragging the figure down are largely free of charge. The Monas area can be entered without a ticket, and only the Monas monument tower itself requires payment. Throughout 2025, this area was also closed several times for state events, including the 80th TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces) anniversary ceremony on 5 October 2025, and the Monas tower closes every Monday for maintenance. The 39.5 percent decline more likely reflects a change in what is counted and operational closures rather than a shift in preference.

Fourth, most of the new sites are actually free. Kota Tua (Old Town) area (2,380,125), Pos Bloc (396,441), Tebet Eco Park (390,329), and Taman Lapangan Banteng (145,958) do not charge admission to enter the area. Concluding that residents are abandoning paid venues, based on a table that only began counting free venues in 2025, would produce a conclusion generated by its own method.

Separately, the number of domestic tourist trips to Jakarta rose from 87,233,238 to 99,396,992 trips, growing 13.94 percent (BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026a, Table 8.7). The unit is trips, not people, and most of these are trips by Jakarta residents within their own territory. Because the unit differs from the operator-recorded visits, the two series cannot be directly contrasted.

Jakarta's two giant destinations, Ancol and Monas, lost recorded visitor volume. At the same time, the number of sites recognized as flagship tourist attractions grew from seven to twenty-nine. This data shows that the number of recorded sites has grown, but does not yet show that visitors have actually shifted from one site to another. Any conclusion beyond that would exceed what the source can support.

With more sites now recognized as tourist attractions, free space that doesn't require an entrance ticket becomes increasingly important. In Jakarta, that space is very scarce.

The DKI Jakarta Provincial Parks and Urban Forestry Agency recorded 1,456 parks with a total area of 4,614,682.58 square meters, or 461.47 hectares (BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026a, Table 8.10). Given DKI Jakarta Province's area of 660.98 square kilometers (Table 1.1.1), that figure equals 0.70 percent of the region's area. With a population of 10,669,700 people, that area equals about 0.43 square meters of park per resident.

The year labeling needs to be noted, as it is inconsistent between tables. Table 8.10 labels this figure as 2025, while Table 8.9 presents a regional breakdown with an identical total but is titled 2024, and the publication's table of contents refers to the same table as 2023. This article follows the labeling of Table 8.10, and the figure of 461.47 hectares here follows the year stated on that table.

The figure of 461.47 hectares covers only the park category. Jakarta's overall green open space — which also includes green corridors, urban forests, cemeteries, and nursery gardens — was recorded at 3,703.56 hectares, or 5.59 percent of the region's area, up from 3,446 hectares, or 5.3 percent, in 2024. This figure was delivered by Deputy Governor Rano Karno in the Governor's Annual Accountability Report for Fiscal Year 2025 at a DPRD (Regional House of Representatives) plenary session, as reported by ANTARA (2026).

Law No. 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning, Article 29 paragraphs (2) and (3), sets the minimum proportion of a city's green open space at 30 percent of its total area, with at least 20 percent as public green open space. Since 3,703.56 hectares represents the publicly managed green open space overseen by the agency, the appropriate benchmark is the 20 percent target, not 30 percent.

Distribution is also uneven. South Jakarta has 535 parks covering 146.20 hectares, followed by East Jakarta (293 parks, 119.92 hectares), West Jakarta (285 parks, 73.54 hectares), North Jakarta (239 parks, 83.74 hectares), and Central Jakarta (104 parks, 38.07 hectares). The Thousand Islands (Kepulauan Seribu) has no recorded parks.

This total has practically not moved from the previous year. As a result, large gatherings in Jakarta almost always require temporarily opened space — such as closed streets, permitted areas, or rented venues.

Car Free Day is Jakarta's largest free space, and its coverage is in fact being expanded — a different pattern from the cutbacks seen in Bandung.

Sudirman-Thamrin CFD: every Sunday, 05:30 to 10:00 WIB (Western Indonesia Time). The main corridor and the busiest point, stretching from Bundaran Senayan to Bundaran Hotel Indonesia.

Rasuna Said CFD: every Sunday, 05:30 to 09:00 WIB, spanning 4.4 kilometers. Its hours were shortened to avoid clashing with worship schedules in the area.

Frequency: around 48 to 50 sessions a full year, excluding cancellations due to major holidays and national-scale events.

Resident activities: running, leisurely walking, cycling, community exercise, and arts and culture performances.

The DKI Jakarta Provincial Government moved the start time earlier from 06:00 to 05:30 WIB starting 1 June 2026, and announced the new schedule for both corridors via the official account of the Transportation Agency (Dinas Perhubungan) (CNBC Indonesia, 2026).

The Rasuna Said corridor went through three stages. The first trial was held on 10 May 2026, was temporarily suspended on 17 May 2026 for technical evaluation, then ran routinely every Sunday starting 7 June 2026. Its ceremonial inauguration took place on 22 June 2026, coinciding with Jakarta's 499th anniversary (Dinas Perhubungan Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026; detikcom, 2026a).

To support the new corridor, the Transportation Agency prepared ten alternative traffic diversion routes, four off-street parking pockets with capacity for 1,914 car spaces and 1,910 motorcycle spaces, seven Transjakarta bus routes, and two LRT Jabodebek routes.

There are CFD rules that need to be factored into brand planning. Article 7 paragraph (1) of DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 12 of 2016 on the Implementation of Car Free Days states that the entire HBKB (Car Free Day) route may only be used for activities themed around the environment, sports, and arts and culture. Paragraph (2) prohibits its use for political party interests. Commercial activity operates through a participation permit mechanism, and participants who violate the rules may be sanctioned.

This means that the road surface of Jakarta's CFD is not available for direct sales. What is available is participation themed around sports, arts, culture, or the environment, and its status needs to be confirmed with the organizer beforehand.

The DKI Jakarta Transportation Agency released provincial-level HBKB visitor data. In the Sudirman-Thamrin corridor, the number of visitors fell from 29,256 people on 3 May 2026 to 13,759 people on 10 May 2026, a decrease of around 52.97 percent. That decline coincided with the first trial of the Rasuna Said CFD, and the Transportation Agency reads it as evidence that the new corridor successfully split up the crowd concentration (detikcom, 2026b).

This figure comes from two consecutive Sundays and cannot be treated as an annual average. Even so, it is the only quantitative measure of Jakarta CFD crowd levels available from an official source. The implication for brands: crowds that used to be concentrated in Sudirman-Thamrin are now split with the second corridor.

Jakarta's CFD has a legal basis that allows for sudden cancellation. Article 5 paragraph (1) of Governor Regulation 12/2016 states that HBKB implementation can be cancelled if a special event, whether national or international in nature, is being held at the same time and requires special traffic management and security arrangements.

In practice, this provision was applied several times throughout 2026:

• 31 May 2026: HBKB was cancelled due to Waisak Day 2570.

• 14 June 2026: HBKB at both Sudirman-Thamrin and Rasuna Said was cancelled due to the BTN Jakarta International Marathon 2026 (Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026).

• 28 June 2026: HBKB at Rasuna Said was cancelled so that all activities for Jakarta's anniversary and Bhayangkara Day could be centered at Sudirman-Thamrin (Berita Jakarta, 2026b).

The 28 June case differs from the others. HBKB Rasuna Said was cancelled to centralize all activities in a single corridor, not because another event was being held at the same location. This means that one corridor running does not guarantee that the other corridor will also run on the same day.

Unlike Bandung, the cancellation of Jakarta's CFD so far has not been linked to budget efficiency, and its number of corridors actually grew by one in 2026. However, the risk of cancellation remains, and announcements are often issued only a few days before the event.

The BTN Jakarta International Marathon shows a pattern different from CFD and tourist attractions: its number of participants keeps growing. This event was joined by 31,000 runners on 29 June 2025, roughly double the 15,000 participants in 2024, with a breakdown of 4,000 full marathon participants, 13,000 half marathon participants, and 14,000 in the 10K category (PT Bank Tabungan Negara, 2025).

In 2026, the event was expanded to two days, on 13 and 14 June, with an added 5K category, and drew more than 45,500 participants, including 1,012 international runners from 52 countries. The breakdown was 8,600 full marathon participants, 16,400 half marathon participants, 15,000 in the 10K category, and 5,500 in the 5K category (PT Bank Tabungan Negara, 2026).

Its date is set well in advance, its number of participants is countable, and it runs even when CFD is cancelled. In fact, it is CFD that yields to this event.

The growth in participants — from 15,000 (2024) to 31,000 (2025) to more than 45,500 (2026) — signals that Jakarta residents remain willing to pay to take part in activities when the event has a fixed date, a countable registration process, and a clear supporting community.

Jakarta's population age structure is older than the common assumption of a city dominated by young people. The largest age group is 35–39 years old, with 846,654 people, followed by 40–44 years old (835,977) and 45–49 years old (820,771). The 30–34 age group ranks fourth with 813,585 people, followed by 20–24 years old (811,988) and 25–29 years old (811,132). The total population aged 15–29 reaches 2,428,854 people, or 22.8 percent of the population (BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026a, Table 3.1.2).

From the August 2025 labor force survey, Jakarta's labor force numbered 5,458,799 people, of whom 330,335 were unemployed. The open unemployment rate was 6.05 percent, down from 6.21 percent in 2024 and 6.53 percent in 2023. The labor force participation rate was 64.75 percent, down from 65.10 percent (BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2026a, Table 3.2.3 and Key Statistics; BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2025).

A total of 2,971,824 people aged 15 and over are outside the labor force — a group rarely broken down in detail. This figure is often read as one large mass free during working days, though its breakdown differs.

The largest group is those managing households, at 1,836,505 people, of whom 87.3 percent are women. They are present in the city on working days but are tied to unpaid domestic work. Their free time follows a pattern — between school drop-off/pick-up, daily shopping, and household errands. They are also found in their residential neighborhoods (kelurahan), not in commercial corridors.

The second group, 785,842 students, can only be reached after school hours end — in the afternoon, around schools and campuses.

This difference in timing opens up two activation opportunities outside the weekend: weekdays around residential areas for those managing households, and afternoons around schools or campuses for students. More than 2.6 million people in Jakarta have activity patterns different from office workers, and both groups face far less competition than weekend slots.

The following implications are most relevant for brands operating in Jakarta.

1. Jakarta is growing differently from Bandung, so its strategy also needs to differ. In Bandung, snack budgets are shrinking even as prices stay stable. In Jakarta, snack budgets are growing in real terms by around 4 to 5 percent, and prices are also stable, so price discounting targets a barrier that doesn't actually exist in Jakarta. What is changing in Jakarta is where residents choose to spend their time, while their spending budgets keep growing.

2. Tourist attraction visit data is not yet fit to serve as a basis for decisions. This data is useful for seeing which locations are starting to be recognized by the city government as destinations, but it is not sufficient for measuring a shift in consumer taste. Table 8.5 jumps from seven to twenty-nine sites in a single year, contains one row valued at zero, and produces two opposing growth figures depending on which subset is chosen. If a shift between destinations becomes a working assumption for a brand, confirm it first with ticketing, footfall, or third-party mobility data.

3. Free public space in Jakarta is genuinely scarce, not just perceived as scarce. With 0.43 square meters of park per resident and a number of parks that has practically not grown, free public space in Jakarta is insufficient to accommodate large-scale activations. Competition is thus concentrated on the two CFD corridors and on paid venues, and both are costly, both in terms of expense and waiting time.

4. CFD has rules, schedules, and risks that need to be factored in. The HBKB route can only be used for activities themed around the environment, sports, and arts and culture, through a participation permit mechanism, and its implementation can be cancelled on short notice. Its hours also differ between corridors: Sudirman-Thamrin runs until 10:00, Rasuna Said until 09:00. Confirm status and schedule with the Transportation Agency at the start of planning, not close to the event date. The crowd level at Sudirman-Thamrin itself has already changed since Rasuna Said opened: Transportation Agency data recorded a 52.97 percent drop in visitors within one week, coinciding with the new corridor's trial run. Planning that still assumes crowd levels from before June 2026 is likely to overestimate the number of people to be encountered there.

5. Registration-based paid events are the most measurable format in Jakarta. The BTN Jakarta International Marathon grew from 15,000 to more than 45,500 participants in two years. A format with a fixed date, registered participants, and a clear supporting community produces figures that can be audited from the start of planning, rather than only estimated after the event takes place. This is an advantage that no open space in Jakarta possesses.

6. There are two segments and two markets that are easily overlooked. A total of 1,836,505 people managing households, most of them women, are present in their residential neighborhoods on working days. A total of 785,842 students are around schools and campuses in the afternoon. Both require different locations and timing from weekend activations. Separately, domestic tourist trips to Jakarta reached 99.40 million in 2025, but the unit is trips, not people, and most of this represents movement by Jakarta residents themselves. Designing activations as though that figure represents visitors from outside the city would miss the mark, both in terms of location and messaging.

Jakarta and Bandung are facing different problems. In Bandung, people still want to go out, but the money they bring is shrinking. In Jakarta, the money is growing and snack prices have barely risen, while the number of activity locations recognized by the city has grown from seven to twenty-nine in the official record.

For brands, the question is also different. In Jakarta, the issue isn't making the next visit cheaper, because price is no longer a barrier. The issue is choosing a location from a much longer list, with free space that remains scarce, two CFD corridors sharing the crowd, and the one format whose data can truly be audited from the start of planning: registration-based events. Whether visitors have actually shifted from one destination to another remains unanswered by the available data, so that decision requires additional confirmation, not merely an assumption drawn from the tourist visit table.

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